Cauvery Water Dispute


From every nook and corner in Tamilnadu, there must be a sound wave reaching your ears saying, “Give us Cauvery Water”, “Form Cauvery Management Board”, “Give us our share in Water”, and so on.
Why is this conflict between Tamilnadu and Karnataka, keeps extending endlessly like Draupadi’s cloth in Mahabharata? Will it come to an end? Why the Government couldn’t settle this issue for decades? Why do we need this water so badly? These are all the questions which arise in a common man’s mind when he hears the word ‘Cauvery’. Here is what I wanted to explain all about ‘Cauvery Water Dispute’ in short.

 Cauvery is a perennial river which flows through two major states, Tamilnadu and Karnataka. The river’s basin covers these two states and parts of Kerala and Puducherry. The river originates in TalaKaveri, Kodagu District, Western Ghats, Karnataka and flows all its way along the lands of Karnataka and Tamilnadu and drains into Bay of Bengal. It remained as the main source of irrigation for people living in the regions around this river. Up to this, the nature’s part is over.


[Source: Google Images]

The dispute for this Cauvery water first started during the times when India is called ‘British India’. While Mysore and Madras were under the control of British, numerous plans were initiated to effectively use the water between two states, but not implemented. Later Mysore was back in the hands of Mysore kings. But the madras was still under British as ‘Madras Presidency’. Mysore wanted to construct a dam in the Mysore state, but for that, it needs acceptance from Madras Presidency as the river is common to both states. But Madras presidency rejected this proposal as it planned to build Mettur Dam in Madras Province. It aroused a dispute between the states. A conference was held in 1890 as a result of dis-agreement of Madras presidency to Mysore’s plans on building irrigation projects on river. This Conference signed an agreement between Madras Presidency and Princely State of Mysore, named as ‘Modus Vivendi’ in 1892.  It means ‘mode of living’, i.e., an agreement that is signed between two parties to co-exist in peace . Yet it remained as a conflict in fore-coming years, and in 1924, another agreement was signed to settle the dispute which would lapse 50 years later. 

After, India got Independence in 1947, states were divided based on languages. As a result, Kerala and Puducherry started claiming their shares on Cauvery water as the basin of river has regions in Kerala and Puducherry too.  Since then there existed constant protests, violence, disputes between these states in getting their share. In 1964, The British agreement came to an end and the central and the state governments put on their thinking caps to settle this issue. Discussions went on for about a decade and no proper decision was made.

The Supreme Court directed the Karnataka government to constitute a tribunal to settle the conflict. The final verdict of this case came in 2007 after a very long wait testing the patience of people. According to the tribunal, of the total availability of 740TMC (Thousand million cubic feet) in Cauvery’s river basin, 419TMC is allocated to Tamilnadu, 270TMC to Karnataka, 30TMC to Kerala and 7TMC to Puducherry. Karnataka has to supply 192TMC water on an annual basis to Tamilnadu of which 7TMC must be given to Puducherry in a normal water year. Still, none of the states satisfied with this verdict and filed petitions for further appeal. On 2016, Tamilnadu demanded more water (50.052TMC) and approached SC to direct Karnataka to release Water. But Karnataka refused to release water.

On Feb 16, 2018 Supreme Court pronounced its verdict decreasing 14TMC water to Tamilnadu and release only 177TMC of water to Tamilnadu for next 15years. Also it mandated to formally form Cauvery Management Board within 40 days of Verdict by Union Government. It is not formed till date (12th Apr’18) and Karnataka Stills holds the Cauvery water.
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